voltage standards

• 3.7 volt lithium-ion batteries
• automobiles use 12 volts usually, except for EVs
  • When the engine is off, the system voltage should be 11.8 to 13.0 v. When the engine is running, it should be somewhere between 13 and 14.8 v.
  • One could combine a car phone charger with a DC-DC converter that outputs 12v.
• golf carts use either a 36 volt or 48 volt system
  • This is useful because there are a ton of 36⇒12V and 48⇒12V buck converters for golf carts, to allow them to use 12 volt accessories.
    • [1] [2] [3, 300W] [4, 138W] [5]
• RVs use either 12v or 24v. Sleeper semi-trucks often use similar accessories, with some of them rivaling or even beating RVs.
  • Their phone charger outlets are pretty cool.
• If you need 120v AC, you might be able to connect the right amount of Li-ions to a bog-standard car inverter.
  • Some inverters might be able to tolerate a slightly wider range of input voltages. A typical car's electrical system varies between ~11.8 to ~14.8 volts.
  • Given that a single 3.7v Li-ion battery typically ranges from 3.6 to 4.2 volts, then — Four cells would range from 14.4 - 16.8 volts, and three cells would range from 10.8 - 12.6 volts.