Court references: Arnett v. Snyder, 331 Ill. App. 3d 518 (2001) http://www.state.il.us/court/opinions/appellatecourt/2001/4thdistrict/october/html/4000895.htm http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=il&vol=app/2001/4000895&invol=3 LeMaire v. Maass, 12 Fed.3d 1444, 1456 (9th Cir. 1993) Childs v. Hofbauer, 27 F.3d 566 (6th Cir. 1994)