There are a variety of things that have been constructed using only hand tools, no power tools:

tools that are rarely used outside of iron-age woodworking

• bow lathe
• pole & treadle lathe
• shave horse
• draw knife
• adze
• axes (incredibly important)
  • broadaxe [video]
  • froe [video]
• scotch eyed auger (AKA: scotch pattern auger, pocket auger, and ring auger bit) (if they're hard to find, hell, just weld your own)

techniques

• making a round log into square timber: scoring → joggling → hewing [wikipedia]

books

• The Woodwright's Guide: Working Wood with Wedge and Edge, by Roy Underhill
• Classic Hand Tools, by Garrett Hack

authors / organizations that produce videos

• Hand Tool Olympics
• Paul Sellers
• Curtis Buchanan
• Chris Shey from Quetico
  • foot-powered (treadle) lathe
  • outdoor workbench
  • rocking chair

individual videos

• carving a Bowl with Adze, Axe, Gouge, and Drawknife
• building a traditional Finnish log house

professions associated with iron-age hand-tool woodworking

• cooper — makes barrels and other cylindrical items out of staves [video]
• bodger — makes chair legs and similar objects
• wainwright / cartwright — makes wagons and carts