Exploration of various regions

Deep into Earth's crust/mantle

• Kola Superdeep Borehole — 1979-1992, 12.2km deep
• Chikyu Hakken — ongoing, 1.4km, aiming for 7km below seabed

Manned space exploration

• Vostok 1, 1961, first orbital flight
• Apollo 11, 1969, first man on the moon

Unmanned exploration of solar system

• Mercury, 1973-
• Venus, 1966-
• Mars, 1960-
• Jupiter, flybys 1973-
• ...

Exploration of various physics regimes

Atmosphere

• powered
  • SR-71, 1966, mach 3.2+, jet engine
  • X-15, 1959-1968, mach 6.7, rocket plane
  • X-43, ongoing, mach 9.8, scramjet
• free fall
  • ... first re-entry? ...
  • Stardust re-entry, 2006, fastest at 12.8 km/s (mach 37)