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document updated 15 years ago, on Jan 25, 2009
The calendar we now use is a modified version of the original Roman calendar, created 753 BC. (It was later updated to the Julian calendar (after Julius Caesar, in 45 BC), and then updated to the Gregorian calendar (after Pope Gregory XIII, in 1582 AD)) The etymology of each month name makes clear the thorough Roman influence.

January Janus, the Roman god of the doorway
February the Roman purification ritual Februa, which occured in the middle of this month
March Mars, the Roman god of war
April several different theories, it's unknown which is correct
May Maia, a Greek goddess
June Juno, a Roman goddess
July Julius Caesar (born in this month)
August Ceasar Augustus
September Roman word for 'seven'
October Roman word for 'eight'
November Roman word for 'nine'
December Roman word for 'ten'