| 1970 | Knapp Commission |
| late '90s | Rampart CRASH, particularly the cover up |
| 1997 | Abner Louima, who was tortured in the bathroom of a police station, then paraded through the station with his pants around his ankles. While two witnesses eventually came forward (Turetsky and Schofield), the majority of the witnesses remained silent, and the assault itself indicates that cops thought they could act with impunity. |
| 2013 | Christopher Dorner |