I'm a huge fan of LOTS of storage, both in real-life and in the game. The way I usually label my lockers is:

Mineral

• Titanium
• Quartz
• Copper
• Sandstone Outcrops — Lead, Silver Ore †
• Shale Outgroups — Gold, Lithium, Diamond †
• Ruby
• Magnetite
• etc etc...

† Note that Gold is produced by both Sandstone Outcrops and Shale Outgrops. I prefer to include it with Shale Outcrops, just arbitrarily.

Biological

On one end, you have basic biological stuff:

• Table Coral Samples
• Acid Mushrooms
• Derived objects — Fiber Mesh, Lubricant, Silicone Rubber, Benzene, Aerogel, Polyaniline, etc

And on the other end, you have stat-restorers:

• Food
• Water
• Med Kits
• Salt

Other

• Very Special — Ion Cubes, Tablets, certain end-game ingredients (link contains spoilers!)
• Batteries
• Power Cells
• Nuclear Fuel Rods

Things to ALWAYS combine

These items are only used to make one thing, and as such, it will save space if you always combine them before storing them.

• Creepvine Samples ⇒ Fiber Mesh
• Creepvine Seed Clusters ⇒ either Silicone Rubber or Lubricant ‡
• Acid Mushrooms + Copper ⇒ Battery
• Blood Oil ⇒ Benzene
• Gel Sack + Ruby⇒ Aerogel
• Deep Shroom + Salt ⇒ Hydrochloric Acid + Gold ⇒ Polyaniline

‡ While Creepvine Seed Clusters can be made into either Silicone Rubber or Lubricant, it saves a LOT of space to just process it into equal parts of each.