Citizenship — If a couple has sex on Alabama soil, their embryo immediately becomes an American citizen. (Will conservatives label these "anchor embryos"?)
Child tax credits — Tax experts will recommend that couples fertilize as many embryos as possible in a fiscal year, to maximize their child tax credits. This is really only feasible if the couple knows they have a high rate of natural embryonic mortality / miscarriage. Of course, the IRS will need proper documentation for each embryo.
Normal uterine functioning could be investigated as murder — It's normal for 40-60% of fertilized embryos to die before birth.† Therefore there's a great deal of prosecutorial discretion about whether these would be investigated as potential homicide. [1][2]
Legal agreements — The embryos are capable of opening bank accounts, buying savings bonds, and obtaining insurance coverage. In many cases, this would require them to have a name and registered social security number. Afterward, embryo mortality will have to be tracked so these agreements could be ended if death occurs.
Census — The constitution mandates that a census be taken every decade. People of child-bearing age will need to estimate how many embryos they're carrying. (TODO: how accurately is science capable of counting all extant embryos?)
Child support — The mother needs to purchase a crib, clothing, toys, etc, before the infant comes home. The father can be required to help with these immediately upon fertilization.
Car pool lanes — A driver who's carrying embryos is eligible for the carpool lane, though they likely need to carry documentation of their pregnancy in case they are stopped by police.
Incarceration — The mother can't be incarcerated while she's pregnant, because that inextricably means her embryos would be unlawfully imprisoned at the same time.
Deportation — An immigrant may be able to fight deportation proceedings if all their embryos aren't eligible for deportation as well.
† Many embryos die before the mother is ever aware they exist, with embryonic mortality being especially high in the first trimester. Things that can lead to embryonic mortality — failure with implantation, spontaneous reabsorption, (TODO).
Legal analysis sources:
Chatman, Carliss N. "If a Fetus Is a Person, It Should Get Child Support, Due Process, and Citizenship." Washington and Lee Law Review Online 76 (2019): 91. (full text)
Garbus, Rachel. "Georgia’s 'fetal personhood' statute is uncharted territory", Atlanta Magazine, 2022-08-23 (link)
"When Fetuses Gain Personhood: Understanding the Impact on IVF, Contraception, Medical Treatment, Criminal Law, Child Support, and Beyond", Pregnancy Justice, 2022-08-17. (full text)
Medical sources:
Jarvis, Gavin E. "Estimating limits for natural human embryo mortality." F1000Research 5 (2016).
Chou, Betty. The Johns Hopkins Manual of Gynecology and Obstetrics 6th Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020.
ch. 9.4: Chromosomal Abnormalities with Associated Congenital Anomalies
ch. 30: First and Second Trimester Pregnancy Loss and Ectopic Pregnancy
ch. 41: Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
ch. 5: Prenatal Complications
ch. 6.2: Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
ch. 19: Substance Use Disorders in Pregnancy
? ch. 31: Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
personal — ch. 10: Multifetal Gestation
Estimates of embryonic mortality / miscarriage:
40 to 60% Jarvis, Gavin E. "Estimating limits for natural human embryo mortality." F1000Research 5 (2016).
30 to 40% The Johns Hopkins Manual of Gynecology and Obstetrics, chapter 33
prenatal mortality — mortality that occurs before birth
in vivo — taking place inside the body; the opposite of in vitro
in vitro — taking place inside a test tube or culture dish
ex vivo — outside the body; often a synonym for in vitro
embryogenesis — the development of an embryo, that is, the progression from conception until it can be considered a fetus (in humans, this is the ninth week after fertilization)
spontaneous abortion / miscarriage
before 5 weeks gestational age — "subclinical miscarriage"
from 6 to 9 weeks gestational age — "embryonic miscarriage"
from 10 to 20 weeks gestational age — "fetal miscarriage"
after 20 weeks of gestational age — "intrauterine fetal demise" (IUFD)
terminology around having multiple embryos / fetuses developing at once
Reasons why an embryo can fail to survive through birth:
"Chromosomal abnormalities are found in more than half of embryos miscarried in the first 13 weeks. Half of embryonic miscarriages (25% of all miscarriages) have an aneuploidy (abnormal number of chromosomes).[55] Common chromosome abnormalities found in miscarriages include an autosomal trisomy (22–32%), monosomy X (5–20%), triploidy (6–8%), tetraploidy (2–4%), or other structural chromosomal abnormalities (2%).[50] Genetic problems are more likely to occur with older parents; this may account for the higher rates observed in older women.[56]"